ABSTRACT The objective was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of Guadua lynnclarkiae, Guadua weberbaueri and Guadua superba. Three culms were collected from each species, later they were sectioned into three levels: stump (S), base (B) and over base (O). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (DCA) in a factorial scheme (3E x 3N), being factor E: bamboo species with three levels: a) Guadua lynnclarkiae, b) Guadua weberbaueri and c) Guadua superba; and the N factor: culm level with three sections a) stump, b) base and c) over base, all distributed in three repetitions and 4 test tubes for physical properties. For the mechanical properties, the same experimental design and number of repetitions were used, however, 5 test tubes were used per experimental plot. Thus, the greatest contraction of the culm wall was 23.0% in Guadua lynnclarkiae at the base level. The basic density in the three species was 0.71 g cm-3. In bending, the highest modulus of rupture was recorded in Guadua superba in stump, base and over base with 55.15; 84.49 and 73.97 MPa, respectively. In parallel compression, the MoE and MoR were 11454.35 MPa and 39.50 MPa in the three species and levels. Therefore, Guadua lynnclarkiae and Guadua weberbaueri have adequate physical and mechanical properties for different uses, including civil construction. However, in Guadua superba it is recommended to carry out subsequent studies of rigidity and resistance for its use in the construction of houses in rural and urban areas.

RESUMEN El objetivo fue determinar las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de Guadua lynnclarkiae, Guadua weberbaueri y Guadua superba. De cada especie fueron colectados tres culmos, posteriormente fueron seccionados en tres niveles: cepa (C), basa (B) y sobrebasa (SB). El experimento fue conducido en diseño de completamente al azar (DCA) en esquema factorial (3E x 3N), siendo el factor E: especies de bambú con tres niveles: a) Guadua lynnclarkiae, b) Guadua weberbaueri y c) Guadua superba; y el factor N: nivel de culmo con tres secciones a) cepa, b) basa y c) sobrebasa, todos distribuidos en tres repeticiones y 4 probetas para las propiedades físicas. Para las propiedades mecánicas fue utilizado el mismo diseño experimental y número de repeticiones, no obstante, fueron utilizados 5 probetas por parcela experimental. Así, la mayor contracción de la pared de culmo fue de 23,0% en Guadua lynnclarkiae en el nivel basa. La densidad básica en las tres especies fue de 0,71 g cm-3. En flexión, el mayor módulo de ruptura fue registrado en Guadua superba en cepa, basa y sobrebasa con 55,15; 84,49 y 73,97 MPa, respectivamente. En compresión paralela el MoE y MoR fue de 11454.35 MPa y 39,50 MPa en las tres especies y niveles. Por ello, Guadua lynnclarkiae y Guadua weberbaueri poseen propiedades físicas y mecánicas adecuadas para diferentes usos incluyendo la construcción civil. No obstante, en Guadua superba se recomienda realizar estudios posteriores de rigidez y resistencia para su uso en la construcción de viviendas en zonas rurales y urbanas.

Abstract The research summarized and validated the individual selection of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh) plants. 43 progenies, previously selected in genetic tests and fields of producers of flood areas, were evaluated. Each progeny was installed in a row of 10 half-sister plants, with a space of 3x2 m. Using the SELEGEN (Reml / Blup) Model 63 program, four crops were analyzed, and individuals were selected for each of the 16 descriptors evaluated. For fruit yield, the Tipishca-Río Tigre population stood out, occupying 5 of the first 10 places. The individuals TT0725-4 (Tigre-Tipishca) turned out to be a natural recombinant for fruit yield / weight. And individual 64-8 turned out to be triple recombinant (yield / fruit weight / ascorbic acid). The descriptors with the highest genetic control with r ≥ 0.30 were: average fruit weight, brix degrees, plant height, number of basal branches and petiole length. The criteria of similarity of the morphological markers with the fruit yield are proposed as predictive indexes of productivity. The plant height at two years of age was the most important.